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El-Adl, Sobhy M.
- Bromometric Estimation of Cefixime, Clarithromycin and Clindamycin in Bulk and Dosage forms
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 4, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 137-146Abstract
Two spectrophotometric methods are described for determination of Clarithromycin, Clindamycin and Cefixime in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using insitu generated bromine as oxidizing agent and either methylene blue or methyl orange as chromogenic agents. Drugs are treated with known excess of bromine and residual unreacted bromine is determined by treating with fixed amount of either methylene blue or methyl orange then measuring absorbance at (666nm for clindamycin and cefixime or 678 nm for clarithromycin) and 510 nm respectively. The amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of each drug. The effect's of acidity, bromate-bromide volume and time, on the absorption were studied. Calibration curves were linear over ranges of 3.2-16 μg.ml-1 for Clarithromycin,1.6- 4.8 μg.ml-1 for Clindamycin, 0.8-7.2 μg.ml-1 for Cefixime in case of methylene blue and of 6.4-19.2 μg.ml-1 for Clarithromycin, 0.8-4.0μg.ml-1 for Clindamycin, 0.4-2 μg.ml-1 for Cefixime in case of methyl orange. The methods were satisfactory applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms and results were compared statistically with reference methods.Keywords
Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, Cefixime, Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange.- HPLC Determination of Cefepime, Cefotaxime and Cefoperazone in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 4, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 168-173Abstract
An isocratic HPLC method had been developed for rapid simultaneous determinathion of three cephalosporines including cefepime HCl, cefoperazone, and cefotaxime Na in pure form or in pharmaceutical dosage form within less than 15 minutes. Separation was carried out on a Hypersil gold C18 (10um, 100x4.6mm) using a mobile phase of MeOH : 0.025M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 7.8 using triethyalamine (18:82 v/v) at ambient temperature. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and maximum absorption was measured at 254 nm.Keywords
Cefepime, Cfotaxime, Cefoperazone , Phosphate Buffer and HPLC.- HPLC Determination of Three Cephalosporins (Cefepime, Cefotriaxone and Cefotaxime) in Their Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 4, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 91-97Abstract
An isocratic HPLC method had been developed for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of three ceohalosporins including Cefepime, Cefotriaxone and Cefotaxime in pure form or in presence of some impurities within 8 minutes. Separation was carried out on a Hypersil gold C18 (10um, 100x4.6mm) column. Effect of pH and composition of mobile phase was studied. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 1-70 μg/ml for all drugs. The method was applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical forms and was validated when obtained results were compared with reference methods.Keywords
Cefepime, Cefotriaxone, Cefotaxime, Hypersil Gold, Mobile Phase.- Bromatometric Estimation of Cefepime, Cefoperazone, and Cefotriaxone In their Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al –Azhar University, Assuit, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 4, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 17-27Abstract
Two spectrophotometric methods are described for determination of Cefepime, Cefoperasone andCefotriaxone in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using insitu generated bromine as oxidizing agent and either methylene blue or methyl orange as chromogenic agents. Drugs are treated with known excess of bromine and residual unreacted bromine is determined by treating with fixed amount of either methylene blue or methyl orange then measuring absorbances at 678 nm and 510 nm, respectively. The amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of each drug. Effect of acidity, bromate - bromide volume and reactiontime, on the absorption was studied. Calibration curves were linear over ranges of 1-3 μg.ml-1 for Cefepime,0.4- 1.0 μg.ml-1 for Cefoperazone and 0.3-0.8 μg.ml-1 for Cefotriaxone in case of methylene blue and of 0.05-3.0 μg.ml-1 for Cefepime, 0.75-2.0 μg.ml-1 for Cefoperazone and 0.2-1.4 μg.ml-1 for Cefotriaxone in case of methyl orange. The methods were satisfactory applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical forms and results were compared statistically with reference methods.Keywords
Cefepime, Cefoperazone, Cefotriaxone, Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange.- Spectrophotometric Determination of Cefradine and Captopril in their Bulk and Dosage Forms using O-Phthalaldhyde (OPA)
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al –Azhar University, Assuit, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 4, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 36-41Abstract
New simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of Cephradine and Captopril in bulk and dosage forms using O-phthaldhyde as a reagent. This method depends on the reaction of the two mentioned drugs with O-phthaldhyde in presence of borate buffer at pH 9.5 to form faint yellow color of isoindole derivative measured at 334 nm. Effect of pH, reagent concentration, temperature, buffer, time and addition sequence on the absorption was studied. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.1-0.7 μg/ml for cefradine and 2-2.5 μg/ml for Captopril. The proposed methods were applied for determination of Cefradine and Captopril in pharmaceutical preparations and were validated when obtained results were compared with reference methods.Keywords
Cephradine, Captopril, O-Phthaldhyde and Borate Buffer.- Rapid RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Norfloxacin and Tinidazole in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors
1 Medicinal Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG
2 Analytical Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 1, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 79-84Abstract
An isocratic RP-HPLC method had been developed for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole in tablet dosage form and also in presence of some impurities within 2 minutes. Separation was carried out on a Chromolith® Performance RP-18e (100 x 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase of MeOH : 0.025M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 3 using ortho - phosphoric acid (20:80, v/v) at ambient temperature. The flow rate was 4 ml/min and maximum absorption was measured at 290 nm. The standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 1-80 μg/mL for both drugs. The retention time of tinidazole and norfloxacin was noted to be 1.2, and 1.6 minutes respectively, indicating shorter analysis time. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method was found to be accurate, reproducible, and consistent which is useful for the routine determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage form.Keywords
RP-HPLC, Rapid, Simultaneous, Norfloxacin, Tinidazole.- Spectrophotometric Estimation of Cefepime and Captopril in Bulk and Dosage Forms using 4- Chloro- 7- Nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-Diazole(NBD-Cl)
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 4, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 6-12Abstract
New simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of Cefepimeand Captopril in bulk and dosage forms.the developed method is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of the studied drugs and subsequent reactions of the resulting hydrolysates with NBD- Cl as a chromogenic reagent to form a yellow color measured at 401 nm. This mrthod could be used for their analysis in pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations. Effect of reagent concentration, NaOH concentration, temperature, solvent, HClconcentraion, time of hydrolysis and time after addition of reagent on the absorption was studied. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 8-120 μg/ml for cefepime and 2-24 μg/ml for Captopril. The proposed methods were applied for determination of Cefepimeand Captopril in pharmaceutical preparations and were validated when obtained results were compared with reference methods.Keywords
Cefepime, Captopril, NBD-Cl and NaOH.- Extractive Spectrophotometric Estimation of Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin HCl and Lomefloxacin HCl in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Medicinal Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 1, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 130-136Abstract
Two simple, sensitive and extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of gatifloxacin, levofloxacin HCl and lomefloxacin HCl in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the formation of yellow and blue coloured ion-pair extractable complexes between the three drugs and two dyes, bromophenol red and fast green FCF with absorption maxima at 426-430 nm and 631 nm for both dyes, respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex in either cases was found to be 1:1. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 10-55 μg/ml for gatifloxacin and 10-70 μg/ml for levofloxacin HCl and lomefloxacin HCl in case of bromophenol red method and in the range of 0.2-1.8 μg/ml for the three drugs in case of fast green FCF method. Various analytical parameters have been evaluated and the results were validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods have been applied successfully to the analysis of drugs in pure form and in its dosage forms and no interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations.Keywords
Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin HCl, Lomefloxacin HCl, Ion-Pair Complexes, Bromophenol Red, Fast Green FCF.- Extractive Spectro Estimation of Clarithromycin and Clindamycin in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 4, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 179-186Abstract
Two spectrophotometric methods are described for determination of Clarithromycin and Clindamycin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using two acidic dyes, bromocresol purple and Bromocresol green to form ion pair extractable complexes with clarithromycin and clindamycin HCl then measuring absorbances at (390nm for clarithromycin or 397 nm for clindamycin) and 413 nm respectively. The effect,s of acidity, buffer volume and dye concentration, on the absorption were studied. Calibration curves were linear over ranges of 12-28 μg.ml-1 for Clarithromycin and 8- 40 μg.ml-1 for Clindamycin in case of bromocresol purple and of 4-20 μg.ml-1 for Clarithromycin and 16-32μg.ml-1 for Clindamycin in case of Bromocresol green. The methods were satisfactory applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms and results were compared statistically with reference methods.Keywords
Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, Bromocresol Purple and Bromocresol Green.- Spectrophotometric Investigations on Cephalosporines by Ellman’s Reagent in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 4, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 196-201Abstract
An quantitative spectrophotometric method for determination of cefotaxime Na and cefixime. The developed method is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of the studied drugs and subsequent reactions of the resulting hydrolysates with DTNB as a chromogenic reagent which could be used for their analysis in pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations then measuring absorbances at (417nm for cefotaxime and cefixime at 411 nm). The concentration of NaOH, DTNB concentration and hydrolysis time were studied. Calibration curves were linear over ranges of 0.8-4 μg.ml-1 for Cefotaxime and 0.4- 2 μg.ml-1 for Cefixime. The methods were satisfactory applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms and results were compared statistically with reference methods.Keywords
Cefotaxime, Cefixime, NaOH, DTNB.- Bromatometric Estimation of Levofloxacin HCI, Lomefloxacin HCI and Sparfloxacin in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Medicinal Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 1, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 131-139Abstract
Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for determination of levofloxacin HCl, lomefloxacin HCl and sparfloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using bromate-bromide as the oxidimetric reagent. Drugs are treated with known excess of insitu generated bromine and residual unreacted bromine is determined by treating with fixed amount of either methylene blue, methyl orange or thymol blue then measuring absorbances at 678 nm, 510 nm 545 nm, respectively. The amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of each drug. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.05-1.0 μg.ml-1 for levofloxacin HCl and lomefloxacin HCl and 0.1-1.4 μg.ml-1 for sparfloxacin in case of methylene blue, of 0.1-1.0 μg.ml-1 for levofloxacin HCl and lomefloxacin HCl and 0.1-1.8 μg.ml-1 for sparfloxacin in case of methyl orange and of 0.25-2.75 μg.ml-1 for levofloxacin HCl and lomefloxacin HCl and 1.0-5.5 μg.ml-1 for sparfloxacin in case of thymol blue. Various analytical parameters have been evaluated such as effect of acidity, bromate - bromide volume and time, on the absorption and the results were validated according to ICH guidelines. The methods were satisfactory applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical forms and results were compared statistically with reference methods.Keywords
Levofloxacin HCI, Lomefloxacin HCI, Sparfloxacin, Bromate-Bromide, Methylene Blue, Methyl Orange, Thymol Blue.- Rapid RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Levofloxacin Hydrochloride, Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride, Gatifloxacin and Sparfloxacin
Authors
1 Medicinal Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG
2 Analytical Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 4, No 11 (2011), Pagination: 1688-1694Abstract
An isocratic RP-HPLC method had been developed for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of four fluoroquinolones including levofloxacin HCl, lomefloxacin HCl, gatifloxacin and sparfloxacin in pure form or in presence of some impurities within 5 minutes. Separation was carried out on a Chromolith® Performance RP-18e (100 x 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase of MeOH : 0.025M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 3 using ortho - phosphoric acid (20:80, v/v) at ambient temperature. The flow rate was 4 ml/min and maximum absorption was measured at 290 nm. The standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 1-80 μμg/mL for all drugs. The retention time of levofloxacin HCl, lomefloxacin HCl, gatifloxacin and sparfloxacin was noted to be 1.11, 2, 2.98, and 4.3 minutes respectively, indicating shorter analysis time. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method was found to be accurate, reproducible, and consistent. It was successfully applied for the analysis of these drugs in marketed formulations and could be effectively used for the routine analysis of formulations containing any one of the above drugs, or a combination, without any alteration in the chromatographic conditions.
Keywords
RP-HPLC, Levofloxacin HCl, Iomefloxacin HCl, Gatifloxacin, Sparfloxacin.- HPLC Determination of Two Cephalosporines with One Macrolide in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors
1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zagazige University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 4, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 180-185Abstract
An isocratic HPLC method had been developed for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of two cephalosporins with one macrolide including Claritromycin, Cefixime and Cefoperazone in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations within less than 5 minutes. Separation was carried out on a Hypersil gold C18 (10um, 100x4.6mm) column. Effect of pH and composition of mobile phase in addition to flow rates was studied. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 1-50 μg/ml for Clarithromycin and Cefixime or 2-50 μg\ml for Cefoperazone. The method was applied for the determination of drugs in both bulk and pharmaceutical forms and were validated when obtained results were compared with reference methods.Keywords
Clarithromycin, Cefixime, Cefoperazone, Phosphate Buffer and HPLC.- Rapid RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Metronidazole and Tinidazole
Authors
1 Medicinal Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG
2 Analytical Chemistry Department, Zagazig University, EG